The presidential election in Bulgaria has ended inconclusively, with the next head of state to be picked in a runoff.
A record low turnout on Sunday, attributed by observers to a general mistrust in politicians resulting in voter apathy, will pit two contrasting political visions against each other in a highly polarised contest on November 1.
In a surprisingly strong performance, the candidate of the pro-Western reformist opposition, Andrey Gyurov, will face the incumbent leftist president, Iliana Yotova, setting clear lines of division regarding the country’s future relationships with other nations.
The campaign focused on growing economic hardship, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the widening hostilities in the Black Sea, where recent drone attacks on commercial vessels off Bulgaria’s coast have heightened security concerns in the European Union and NATO member country.
The strikes have raised concerns over Russia’s intentions to escalate the conflict and prompted the government to ask Bulgaria's partners for assistance to strengthen its maritime security.
Candidates have also sought to address public anxiety over rising energy prices and inflation, as many families, particularly in rural areas, struggle to make ends meet.
Polling stations opened at 7am and were due to close at 8pm, after which initial exit polls would be announced. Preliminary results are expected on Monday.
The election is set for a runoff as none of the 27 candidates is expected to win outright.
Turnout must be above 50 per cent of 6.6 million registered voters, and the winner needs a majority of votes.
Projections have Sunday’s turnout at less than 40 per cent, indicating a likely November 1 runoff.
Yotova, a 62-year-old journalist and former member of the European Parliament, is the country's incumbent president and a front-runner in the race.
She previously served as vice president under Radev, during his two terms as head of state.
She took over the presidency in January 2026, when Radev stepped down to run for parliament, and is now seeking her own mandate.
She's running as an independent but also has the official backing of Progressive Bulgaria and the Socialist Party, where her career began.
If she wins, Yotova will become Bulgaria’s first elected female president.
Analysts expect her to continue Radev’s policy to keep Bulgaria on its European path but at the same time call for improved relations with Russia and the lifting of sanctions.
Both Yotova and Radev have called for a diplomatic solution to end the war in Ukraine.
Addressing supporters at a rally this week, Yotova said she “advocated for peace through negotiations, rather than force”.
Observers say that Yotova’s victory would keep the presidency in the hands of the ruling majority, and such concentration of power could prevent institutions maintaining effective checks and balances on policy decisions.
A former deputy central bank governor is the main challenger in the race
Yotova's main challenger is economist Andrey Gyurov, a former deputy governor of the central bank and caretaker prime minister who led the country in the early months of 2026.
He is supported by the pro-Western reformist opposition.
Gyurov, who has often expressed firm support for Ukraine, signed a security cooperation agreement with Kyiv during his premiership.
“I want Bulgaria to have a voice of its own in Europe. A reliable NATO ally that defends its interests through preparedness, strong diplomacy and a clear position,” he told supporters this week.
Latest opinion polls give Yotova an edge in the first round of the race by giving her between 40 per cent and 45 per cent, versus Gyurov’s 25-30 per cent, with a margin of error of 3 percentage points.
But some observers believe that Gyurov could have a better chance in a runoff, where results can be influenced by voters who supported candidates eliminated in the first round.
Presidents in Bulgaria are elected directly for a five-year term and can serve no more than two terms.
While the post is primarily ceremonial, the direct election gives the president greater political authority.
The president leads the armed forces and can veto legislation, sign international treaties and appoint ambassadors.
